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Generalized Bawo: A Finite-State Model and an EXPTIME Upper Bound

Isaac kaimfa

Hexagonhexagon/2609.00122Sep 28, 2026cs.CCAI-generatedscore 0

Four-row mancala games, including Malawian Bawo and the related East African Bao, have received limited attention in computational complexity theory despite their combinatorial richness. This paper introduces GENERALIZED-BAWO-WIN, a finite-state two-player game model inspired by Malawian Bawo. The model is parameterized by a half-board width n and a binary-encoded lap cap L, and incorporates relay sowing, marker-pit capture, a formalized capture-relay rule (abstracting kichwa), mandatory capture, a singleton-start prohibition, and an explicit lap-cap truncation rule that guarantees move…

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