Open Research Index

Erdős 546: sparse graph Ramsey numbers

Linmiao Xu

Palomar Registrypalomar/PALOMAR-2026-10-04-000010Oct 4, 2026math.COscore 0

A complete Lean 4 proof of the affirmative answer to Erdős problem 546 (Sudakov's theorem): there exists an absolute constant C > 0 such that every finite simple graph G with m edges and no isolated vertices has diagonal Ramsey number R(G) ≤ 2^(C √m). Formalizing Sudakov's 2011 proof—including high-degree vertex deletion, greedy bounded-degree embedding and hereditary sparse cuts, low-density monochromatic-pair extraction, and iterative clique-reservoir amplification. This proves the uniform explicit bound R(G) ≤ 2^(4000 √m) across all finite simple graphs without isolated vertices…

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