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Two-scale Kakeya upper Minkowski lower bound

Mark Lewko

Palomar Registrypalomar/PALOMAR-2026-10-21-000006Oct 21, 2026math.CAscore 0

We prove that every bounded Kakeya set in Rⁿ, n ≥ 4, has upper Minkowski dimension at least 0.597n. Here a Kakeya set contains a unit line segment in every direction. This improves the asymptotic coefficient c_KT = 1/α = 0.596968283237… in the Katz–Tao bound 1 + c_KT(n−1), where α is the unique root of α³−4α+2 = 0 in (1,2). The proof combines arithmetic estimates for line segments with geometric estimates for tubes at two different widths.

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